Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade, set for mainnet activation on December 3, 2025, marks one of the biggest network overhauls since the Merge.
The update is set to raise block gas limits from 45 million to 150 million, enabling far more transactions per block and scaling capacity for Layer-2s and rollups. To prevent congestion, Fusaka adds a per-transaction gas cap, requiring developers to split complex operations into smaller, more modular components.
Fusaka also introduces new efficiency tools and opcodes. The PeerDAS system lets nodes verify data by sampling instead of downloading full blobs, easing strain on operators while preserving decentralization. Verkle Trees further compress state data, speeding up contract proofs and improving compatibility with mobile and low-resource clients.
What the Fusaka Upgrade Means for Developers
With Fusaka’s changes, smart contract developers will need to rethink both state management and computation strategies. The imposed gas caps mean contracts must avoid monolithic functions; instead, it is more practical to split logic across multiple smaller transactions, especially for protocols managing high-frequency activities like trading and DeFi.
Cap limits on heavy operations such as modular exponentiation (MODEXP) will require reengineering cryptographic routines. New developer features, such as the CLZ opcode for counting leading zeros and secp256r1 precompile for streamlined hardware-backed verification, encourage more advanced, yet resource-lean, contract patterns.
Further, the introduction of “blob-parameter-only” forks gives the protocol incremental adaptability, letting Ethereum raise Layer-2 blob data limits as needed between major hard forks.
Combined with block size caps and support for history expiry, these measures push applications toward lean architecture, where efficient use of network resources and robust scalability become paramount for sustained dApp performance.
READ MORE: Arbitrum Sets Pace in RWA Sector as On-Chain Activity Skyrockets
